The Robonaut 2 is a Humanoid robot developed by NASA Johnson Space Center and GM (United States), launched 2010. Key specifications: form factor full bipedal, height 101.6 cm, weight 149.7 kg, mobility bipedal.
RoboScore
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3 of 9 signals present
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Weighted factors
average of the 3 scored · blanks don't count
Not in the Humanoid standing. The standings cover robots first sold from 2020 onward, and this one launched in 2010. Its Robo Score above is unaffected — the score is the evidence, the standing is only who it is listed against.
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Overview
Robonaut 2 is a humanoid robot sent to the International Space Station to help astronauts with various tasks. It can grasp objects, flip switches, and perform dexterous manipulation of human tools. Equipped with autonomous and teleoperation modes, it is capable of lifting 9 kg and features over 350 sensors including custom six-axis load cells in the hands and multiple cameras for enhanced perception and situational awareness.
Flagship features
- Developed in collaboration with DARPA
- Equipped with autonomous and teleoperation modes
- Has been out of action since 2015 due to a mysterious hardware problem
- Returned to Earth in 2018 for repairs
Buyer decision signals
Viability
NASA announced return to Earth for repairs
Price
Published figures are build cost or program budget, not a purchase price
Specifications
Category: Humanoid- Form factor
- full bipedal
- Height
- 101.6 cm
- Weight
- 149.7 kg
- Mobility
- bipedal
- Total DOF
- 42
- DOF / arm
- 7
- DOF / hand
- 12
- Payload
- 9 kg
- Lifting capacity
- 9 kg
- Hot-swap battery
- No
- Onboard compute
- 38 PowerPC processors
- Sensors
- custom six-axis load cells, four cameras, infrared camera
- LiDAR
- No
- F/T sensors
- Yes
- VLM on-board
- No
- Imitation learning
- No
- Bimanual
- Yes
- Stair climbing
- No
- Terrain
- zero gravity
- Programming
- teleoperated
- ROS 1
- No
- ROS 2
- No
- API / SDK
- No
- Maturity
- commercial
- Environments
- both
- Industries
- aerospace, automotive, healthcare
- Pricing model
- outright purchase
Company profile
- Founded
- 1961
Company milestones
- Apr 2018DeploymentNASA announced return to Earth for repairs
- Feb 2011DeploymentRobonaut 2 launched to ISS on STS-133
- 2018DeploymentRobonaut 2 returned to Johnson Space Center
- 2012MilestoneNASA research on ISS began
- 2011LaunchRobonaut 2 became first humanoid robot in space
- 2011PartnershipNASA and GM developed Robonaut 2 under cooperative agreement
- 2011MilestoneFirst power-up on ISS
- 1973MilestoneRenamed Johnson Space Center
More videos
Robonaut 2: Getting Packed for Space Flight
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Artemis II Flight Day 2 Highlights
Artemis Lunar Spacesuit Testing Resource Reel March 2026
U.S. Spacewalk 94 Animation – March 17, 2026
U.S. Spacewalk 95 Animation – March 17, 2026
Meet NASA Astronaut Jessica Meir, Crew 12 Commander
Frequently asked questions
- Who makes the Robonaut 2?
- The Robonaut 2 is developed by NASA Johnson Space Center and GM, based in United States.
- What type of robot is the Robonaut 2?
- The Robonaut 2 is a Humanoid robot made by NASA Johnson Space Center and GM.
- How much does the Robonaut 2 cost?
- Pricing for the Robonaut 2 is not publicly listed — contact NASA Johnson Space Center and GM for a quote.
- When was the Robonaut 2 launched?
- The Robonaut 2 was launched in 2010.
- What are the key specifications of the Robonaut 2?
- Key specifications of the Robonaut 2: form factor full bipedal, height 101.6 cm, weight 149.7 kg, mobility bipedal, total dof 42.
Reviews for Robonaut 2
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