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Robonaut 2

Built by NASA Johnson Space Center and GM · United States

Updated Jul 2026·methodology
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The Robonaut 2 is a Humanoid robot developed by NASA Johnson Space Center and GM (United States), launched 2010, priced at $2,500,000 USD. Key specifications: form factor full bipedal, height 101.6 cm, weight 149.7 kg, mobility bipedal.

Robo Index

BB

Speculative — thin evidence

3 of 10 signals present

Recomputed nightly from public data. Missing data is skipped, never zero-filled — and rankings are never for sale.

Weighted factors

average of the 3 scored · blanks don't count

Commercial maturity15%25/100
Deployment footprint22%unknown
Proven track record9%unknown
Spec completeness11%100/100
Company financial health15%unknown
Company maturity4%100/100
Manufacturer portfolio4%unknown
Media mentions (trailing 12 months)15%unknown
Independent recognition3%unknown
Market momentum1%unknown

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Overview

Robonaut 2 is a humanoid robot sent to the International Space Station to help astronauts with various tasks. It can grasp objects, flip switches, and perform dexterous manipulation of human tools. Equipped with autonomous and teleoperation modes, it is capable of lifting 9 kg and features over 350 sensors including custom six-axis load cells in the hands and multiple cameras for enhanced perception and situational awareness.

Flagship features

  • Developed in collaboration with DARPA
  • Equipped with autonomous and teleoperation modes
  • Has been out of action since 2015 due to a mysterious hardware problem
  • Returned to Earth in 2018 for repairs

Buyer decision signals

Deployments

1 known operator in United States

NASA Johnson Space Center / International Space Station

Viability

est. 1961

NASA announced return to Earth for repairs

Price

$2,500,000

Specifications

Category: Humanoid
Form factor
full bipedal
Height
101.6 cm
Weight
149.7 kg
Mobility
bipedal
Total DOF
42
DOF / arm
7
DOF / hand
12
Payload
9 kg
Lifting capacity
9 kg
Hot-swap battery
No
Onboard compute
38 PowerPC processors
Sensors
custom six-axis load cells, four cameras, infrared camera
LiDAR
No
F/T sensors
Yes
VLM on-board
No
Imitation learning
No
Bimanual
Yes
Stair climbing
No
Terrain
zero gravity
Programming
teleoperated
ROS 1
No
ROS 2
No
API / SDK
No
Maturity
commercial
Environments
both
Industries
aerospace, automotive, healthcare
Price tier
150K+
Pricing model
outright purchase
VerifiedSelf-reportedEstimated

Company profile

Founded
1961

Detailed specifications

Other2
Company Country
US
Additional Information
- Developed in collaboration with DARPA - Equipped with autonomous and teleoperation modes - Has been out of action since 2015 due to a mysterious hardware problem - Returned to Earth in 2018 for repairs

Who runs it· deployment evidence

1 on record · none maker-verified yet. Each links to its source — open it and judge.

  • NASA Johnson Space Center / International Space Station· United Statessource ↗
Verified — maker-confirmedReported — in a public source, not maker-confirmed

Where to buy

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Company milestones

  • Apr 2018DeploymentNASA announced return to Earth for repairs
  • Feb 2011DeploymentRobonaut 2 launched to ISS on STS-133
  • 2018DeploymentRobonaut 2 returned to Johnson Space Center
  • 2012MilestoneNASA research on ISS began
  • 2011LaunchRobonaut 2 became first humanoid robot in space
  • 2011PartnershipNASA and GM developed Robonaut 2 under cooperative agreement
  • 2011MilestoneFirst power-up on ISS
  • 1973MilestoneRenamed Johnson Space Center

More videos

Robonaut 2: Getting Packed for Space Flight

NASA JohnsonOfficial

How Does NASA Study Vision and Cognitive Changes in Space? – Thursday, June 11, 2026

NASA JohnsonOfficial

Artemis II Flight Day 2 Highlights

NASA JohnsonOfficial

Artemis Lunar Spacesuit Testing Resource Reel March 2026

NASA JohnsonOfficial

U.S. Spacewalk 94 Animation – March 17, 2026

NASA JohnsonOfficial

U.S. Spacewalk 95 Animation – March 17, 2026

NASA JohnsonOfficial

Meet NASA Astronaut Jessica Meir, Crew 12 Commander

NASA JohnsonOfficial

Frequently asked questions

Who makes the Robonaut 2?
The Robonaut 2 is developed by NASA Johnson Space Center and GM, based in United States.
What type of robot is the Robonaut 2?
The Robonaut 2 is a Humanoid robot made by NASA Johnson Space Center and GM.
How much does the Robonaut 2 cost?
The Robonaut 2 is priced $2,500,000 USD.
When was the Robonaut 2 launched?
The Robonaut 2 was launched in 2010.
What are the key specifications of the Robonaut 2?
Key specifications of the Robonaut 2: form factor full bipedal, height 101.6 cm, weight 149.7 kg, mobility bipedal, total dof 42.

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